The Toulmin Model: A Practical Framework for Any Argument

9 min read · Intermediate

Claim-Evidence-Reasoning: The Core Structure of Persuasion

7 min read · Beginner

Steel Manning: Arguing Against the Strongest Version of a Position

7 min read · Intermediate

Evidence Hierarchies: Not All Evidence Is Created Equal

8 min read · Intermediate

The PEEL Structure: Organizing Persuasive Paragraphs

6 min read · Beginner

Counterargument Anticipation: Winning Before Your Opponent Speaks

8 min read · Intermediate

Analogical Arguments: Persuading by Comparison

7 min read · Intermediate

Causal Arguments: Establishing That X Actually Causes Y

8 min read · Intermediate

Reductio ad Absurdum: Defeating Arguments by Following Them to Their Logical End

7 min read · Intermediate

Argument from Principle: Grounding Claims in Fundamental Values

7 min read · Intermediate